CIVICS.
GOVERNMENT OF TANZANIA.
Government is an organizational machinery or rulling a
society.
MEANS OF GETTING A GOVERNNMENT.
1.Through election.
2.Through heredity.
3.Through revolution/cp d’etat.
TYPES OF GOVERNMENT.
1.Democratic government:is the type of government
which come into power through popular election.
TYPES OF DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT.
1.Westminister model:Is the type of democratic
government which come into power by popular election.
-the queen is the head of state.
-the prime minister is the head of government.
-the cabinet is obtained from outside of the parliament.
2.Washington model:is the type of democratic which
come into powwer by a popular election.
-the head of state is also the head of parliament who is the
president.
-the cabinet is obtained from inside of the parliament.
Characterristics of democratic government.
-Respect of human rights.
-observation of law.
-Decisions made are based on majority’s will.
-Rulers/Leaders are chosen by people and they are
responsible to them.
CASE OF TANZANIAN GOVERNMENT.
Tanzania seems to practise mixed form of government due to
the following:
-The cabinet of tanzania is obtained inside the
legislature(westminister model)
-The president is the head of government and
state(washington model).
2DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT.
Democratic government is the type of government which come
into power without majority’s will and people’s legitimacy.
Characterristics of non-democratic government.
-No respect of human rights.
-No observation of rule by law.
-Leaders decision are of final decree.
-Rulers/Leaders are not accountable to their people.
Different forms of government.
1.Authoritarian government:Is the type of government
where the leader of the government and state is a president who is elected by
people and exercise power on behalf of his people.
Characterristics of authoritarian government.
1.Excessive influence of rilling party sine the
election is being manipulated.
2.Difficult to change political party.
3.Not totally oppressive.
LOCAL GOVERNMENT.
Local government can be defined as the self-governance of
sub-nation territory overseen by a democratically body of elected councillors.
Objectives for establishing local governments.
1.Was a good way to bring people near their government.
2.Was a good means to build healthy democratic government.
3.For promotion of social and economical development.
4.To increase administrative efficiency.
TYPES OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT.
1.Autonomous local government:This is a type of local
government found in federal government it’s characterized by:
-Equal distribution of wealth.
-It’s powers and authorities are contained in a
constitution.
-Shares sovereignty with local government.
2.Semi-quasi local government:is a type of local government
found in unitary form of government.It’s characterized by :
-It’s powers and authorities are not contained in a
constitution.
-No equal distribution of national wealth.
-Do not share sovereignty with central government.
STRUCTURE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT.
Local government is under
PMO-RALG(Prime Minister’s Office For Regional authorities and Local
Government.
Division of local government.
-Local government is divided into;
-Local government is divided into;
1.Rural authorities(District council e.t.c.
2.Urban authorities(city,municipal and town).
SOURCES OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVENUE.
-Central government subsides.
-House rents from councils houses.
-Fines.
-Taxes.
-Duties.
EXPENDITURE OF REVENUE.
-Developing programmes and projects like buildings etc.
-Provision of health,education and water.
-Pays salaries and wages.
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT.
Is the government of whole state.
The function of central government.
-Responsible for planning and implementing policies in a
country.
-Concerned with common matters of whole state.
Leadership in central government,
1.The executive:the executive is among of three
organs of government.This consists of president,vice president and prime
minister.
A:PRESIDENT.
By constitution of united republic of Tanzania,The
presidents has the following responsibilities:
-Act as a head of state.
-Act as a commander in chief of def fence forces.
-As the head of government.
B:VICE-PRESIDENT.
He/she is a principle assistant of the president.
C:THE PRIME MINISTER.
He/she is the executive of the government.
-Also he is the head of government issues in the parliament,
D:THE CABINET.
This consist of president/vice president who act the chair
or deputy chair of the cabinet,prime minister he acts as a secretary of the
cabinet,the ministers they act as the members of the parliament,
E:MINISTERS:Is the political head of the certain ministry.
2:JUDICIARY.
Is the branch of government which deals with law
interpretation and solve disputes in the society by law.
FUNCTION OF JUDICIARY.
-Hearing cases and solve them.
-Suits against
government and government officials.
3:THE PARLIAMENT.
Is the branch of government which deals with law formation.
FUNCTION OF THE EXECUTIVE.
1.Policy formation.
2.Budget formation.
3,Administration of various activities.
4.Protection of people’s rights.
5.To promote peace and harmony.
SOURCES OF CENTRAL GOVERNMENT TAX.
1.Direct tax.
2.Indirect tax.
3.Fines.
4.Domestic loans.
5Grantes.
UNION AFFAIRS.
Tanganyika and Zanzibar united during 1964 which lead to the
occurrence of the new state called TANZANIA.
-There are 11 union matters but recently they have increased
up to 22 union matters,eleven union matters are;
-Police.
-Court of appeal.
-National examinations council.
-Citizenship.
-Immigration.
-Peace and security.
-Research.
-Registration of political parties.
-Statistics.
-Income tax.
-Internal trade and loan.
FACTORS FOR FORMATION OF UNION GOVERNMENT IN TANZANIA.
-Cultural and historical background.
-Defense mechanism
-Spirit of Africanism.
-Due to communal ism.
DEMOCRACY.
Democracy is the word originated from two
“GREEK” words which are “DEMONS”Mwans people and
“CRATOS”meams rule.Therefore Democracy can be defined as “Rule by people”.
ELEMENTS OF DEMOCRACY.
-Democracy as a system of self-governance.
-All people are being equal.
-Accountability.
-Equality.
-All political decisions being made by the majority.
-Respect of miority’s rights
TYPES OF DEMOCRACY.
1:DIRECT DEMOCRACY:Is the type of democracy where by all
people are involved and participate directly in decision making bodies.This
was possible due to:
-Small population.
-Small geographical area,and
-Discrimination on some people i.women,children,slaves and
aliens were not involved in decision making and election.
2INDIRECT DEMOCRACY:Is he type of democracy where by few
people are being chosen to present others in important decision making bodies.
This was a result of Direct Democracy being;
-Expensive.
-Difficult.
-Increase in population.
CHARACTERISTICS OF INDIRECT DEMOCRACY.
-Existence of constitution.
-Existence of rule by law.
-Respect of human rights.
- Existence of bill of human rights.
CATEGORIES/TYPES OF INDIRECT DEMOCRACY.
1:Parliamentary democracy.
2:Presidential democracy.
3:Mixed democracy.
ADVANTAGES OF DEMOCRACY.
-Encourages economical development.
-Promotion of equality.
-Encourages accountability.
-Encourages tolerance.
-Respect of human rights.
-Free participation of citizens in different issues such as
debates and election issues.
CHARACTERISTICS OF FREE AND FAIR ELECTION.
-Tolerance.
-Competitive.
-Registration of candidates.
-Participation of all people.
-Transparent.
TYPES OF POLITICAL PARTIES.
1:MONO PARTY:Is the type of political system wehereby a
country is led by one party system.Many of african nations after regaining
their independence were based on mono party system.Some of political parties by
the time of independence were:
-CCM formally TANU-Tanzania
-KANU-Kenya.
-ZANU-Zimbabwe.
-SWAPO-Namibia.
-FRELIMO.Mozambique.
-AHC-South Africa.
QNs:Why mono party system in Tanganyika recently known as
Tanzania?
ANS:This is due to the following:
-To promote unity and solidarity.
-To encourage development.
-To avoid cop d’etat.
-To promote democracy.
2:MULTIPARTISM:Is when a nation consists of different political parities like in Tanzania:
-CCM.
-CHADEMA.
-CUF.
-TLP etc.
Q's:Why multipartism in Tanzania?
ANS:-External and internal influence.
-Rise of America.
-Economic crisis.
-Influence of world bank and
IMF.
-To avoid dictatorship leaders.
CITIZENSHIP.
CITIZEN:Is a person who is accepted as a member of
particular country.
-CITIZENSHIP:Is a situation of being a member of particular
nation/state.
TYPES OF CITIZENSHIP.
1.Citizenship by birth.
2.Citizenship by naturalization and
3.Citizenship by decent.
